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Definition
Adaptive authentication is a security method that changes the authentication process based on context and risk signals. It may consider factors such as device, location, login behavior, IP address, session history, or transaction type before deciding whether to allow access or request extra verification.

Why it matters
Adaptive authentication matters because not every login attempt carries the same level of risk. It helps reduce friction for trusted users while adding stronger checks when something looks unusual, such as a new device, unfamiliar location, or suspicious login pattern.

Example use case
A user signs in from their usual laptop and location, so the system allows normal access. Later, the same account tries to log in from a new country, so adaptive authentication requires an extra verification step before granting access.