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Definition
SAML, or Security Assertion Markup Language, is an open standard that allows identity providers to securely share authentication and authorization data with service providers. It enables single sign on by exchanging digitally signed XML based assertions between trusted systems.

Why it matters
SAML allows users to log in once and access multiple applications without re entering credentials. It improves security by centralizing authentication and reducing password exposure across systems, while simplifying identity management for organizations.

Example use case
An employee signs into a company identity portal and is automatically granted access to email, HR software, and internal dashboards through SAML based single sign on.